Reading Mock Exam
Part 1 (5 points, 1 point per item). You are going to read a newspaper article about a space station. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think best completes the sentence given according to the text.
1 The equipment of the astronauts has been transported
Space hotel welcomes its next shift
'Guests' at the International Space Station will carry out more than 300 hours of research By Tim Radford
Since the first tenants moved in just over a year ago, their home has grown from a bedsit to something like a three-bedroomed house. It has also been around the Earth more than 6,000 times. The view is sensational, but nobody can open the windows. Outside, the temperature varies from 120C to minus 157C every 90 minutes.
The International Space Station, the orbiting 150-tonne "star in the sky", opened its airlock to its fourth set of tenants last week. The Russian commander, Yuri Onufrienko, and United States flight engineers Daniel Bursch and Carl Walz were launched under tight security aboard the space shuttle Endeavour, and checked into humankind's highest unfinished hotel, 320km above the planet.
They are taking their luggage in Rafaello, a kind of space furniture van, designed and built by the Italian space agency, which made its first trip to the International Space Station in April earlier this year. Along with Rafaello there is a new carrier designed by American engineers.
Both are packed with the latest research equipment for studies that could throw new light on bone disorders, petroleum and antibiotic production, cancer cell formation, plant growth, embryo development, biotechnology and the long-term effect of life of humans in space. No matter how pioneering the experiments themselves might be, daily work aboard the station also involves installing all the added equipment that will come on board later and, of course, routine maintenance.
In the first year of settling into and simultaneously building their new home, previous crews devoted 500 hours to setting up experiments. The new team expects to put in about 300 hours in the construction and development of the space station's laboratory complex.
"The laboratory complex is almost complete. We are increasing the scope and the sophistication of the science we are doing," said Commander Onufrienko. "This month marks nine months of research in an extraordinary increase in research capabilities aboard the station."
Apart from the scientific goals, the astronauts are fully aware of the main goals of the International Space Station, which is to become their home for the next five months. According to Daniel Bursch, "one of the main goals of the International Space Station is to put a permanent human presence in space. Another main goal, which is just in the name itself, is to make it 'international'. A lot of work so far has been centred around working with primarily the Russians and also the other international partners. As far as this mission is concerned, our goal is to take over from Expedition Three, hopefully put the station in an even better condition and to complete every experiment that the ground wants us to do.
The incomers are relieving Frank Culbertson, the US commander of the third crew, and his two Russian colleagues, who are due to return to Earth on Endeavour.
However, the new tenants are not likely to be lonely for long. In its first year of occupation the space station has already had a surprising number of visitors. Altogether 68 men and 11 women stepped aboard last year. Most of the visitors have been shuttle crews, delivering and picking up inhabitants. But one who made the trip—a US multimillionaire called Dennis Tito—made history in April as the first paying tourist to go into space.
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2. During their stay in the space station, the astronauts will
Space hotel welcomes its next shift
'Guests' at the International Space Station will carry out more than 300 hours of research By Tim Radford
Since the first tenants moved in just over a year ago, their home has grown from a bedsit to something like a three-bedroomed house. It has also been around the Earth more than 6,000 times. The view is sensational, but nobody can open the windows. Outside, the temperature varies from 120C to minus 157C every 90 minutes.
The International Space Station, the orbiting 150-tonne "star in the sky", opened its airlock to its fourth set of tenants last week. The Russian commander, Yuri Onufrienko, and United States flight engineers Daniel Bursch and Carl Walz were launched under tight security aboard the space shuttle Endeavour, and checked into humankind's highest unfinished hotel, 320km above the planet.
They are taking their luggage in Rafaello, a kind of space furniture van, designed and built by the Italian space agency, which made its first trip to the International Space Station in April earlier this year. Along with Rafaello there is a new carrier designed by American engineers.
Both are packed with the latest research equipment for studies that could throw new light on bone disorders, petroleum and antibiotic production, cancer cell formation, plant growth, embryo development, biotechnology and the long-term effect of life of humans in space. No matter how pioneering the experiments themselves might be, daily work aboard the station also involves installing all the added equipment that will come on board later and, of course, routine maintenance.
In the first year of settling into and simultaneously building their new home, previous crews devoted 500 hours to setting up experiments. The new team expects to put in about 300 hours in the construction and development of the space station's laboratory complex.
"The laboratory complex is almost complete. We are increasing the scope and the sophistication of the science we are doing," said Commander Onufrienko. "This month marks nine months of research in an extraordinary increase in research capabilities aboard the station."
Apart from the scientific goals, the astronauts are fully aware of the main goals of the International Space Station, which is to become their home for the next five months. According to Daniel Bursch, "one of the main goals of the International Space Station is to put a permanent human presence in space. Another main goal, which is just in the name itself, is to make it 'international'. A lot of work so far has been centred around working with primarily the Russians and also the other international partners. As far as this mission is concerned, our goal is to take over from Expedition Three, hopefully put the station in an even better condition and to complete every experiment that the ground wants us to do.
The incomers are relieving Frank Culbertson, the US commander of the third crew, and his two Russian colleagues, who are due to return to Earth on Endeavour.
However, the new tenants are not likely to be lonely for long. In its first year of occupation the space station has already had a surprising number of visitors. Altogether 68 men and 11 women stepped aboard last year. Most of the visitors have been shuttle crews, delivering and picking up inhabitants. But one who made the trip—a US multimillionaire called Dennis Tito—made history in April as the first paying tourist to go into space.
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3. Intensive experimental work aboarg the station
Space hotel welcomes its next shift
'Guests' at the International Space Station will carry out more than 300 hours of research By Tim Radford
Since the first tenants moved in just over a year ago, their home has grown from a bedsit to something like a three-bedroomed house. It has also been around the Earth more than 6,000 times. The view is sensational, but nobody can open the windows. Outside, the temperature varies from 120C to minus 157C every 90 minutes.
The International Space Station, the orbiting 150-tonne "star in the sky", opened its airlock to its fourth set of tenants last week. The Russian commander, Yuri Onufrienko, and United States flight engineers Daniel Bursch and Carl Walz were launched under tight security aboard the space shuttle Endeavour, and checked into humankind's highest unfinished hotel, 320km above the planet.
They are taking their luggage in Rafaello, a kind of space furniture van, designed and built by the Italian space agency, which made its first trip to the International Space Station in April earlier this year. Along with Rafaello there is a new carrier designed by American engineers.
Both are packed with the latest research equipment for studies that could throw new light on bone disorders, petroleum and antibiotic production, cancer cell formation, plant growth, embryo development, biotechnology and the long-term effect of life of humans in space. No matter how pioneering the experiments themselves might be, daily work aboard the station also involves installing all the added equipment that will come on board later and, of course, routine maintenance.
In the first year of settling into and simultaneously building their new home, previous crews devoted 500 hours to setting up experiments. The new team expects to put in about 300 hours in the construction and development of the space station's laboratory complex.
"The laboratory complex is almost complete. We are increasing the scope and the sophistication of the science we are doing," said Commander Onufrienko. "This month marks nine months of research in an extraordinary increase in research capabilities aboard the station."
Apart from the scientific goals, the astronauts are fully aware of the main goals of the International Space Station, which is to become their home for the next five months. According to Daniel Bursch, "one of the main goals of the International Space Station is to put a permanent human presence in space. Another main goal, which is just in the name itself, is to make it 'international'. A lot of work so far has been centred around working with primarily the Russians and also the other international partners. As far as this mission is concerned, our goal is to take over from Expedition Three, hopefully put the station in an even better condition and to complete every experiment that the ground wants us to do.
The incomers are relieving Frank Culbertson, the US commander of the third crew, and his two Russian colleagues, who are due to return to Earth on Endeavour.
However, the new tenants are not likely to be lonely for long. In its first year of occupation the space station has already had a surprising number of visitors. Altogether 68 men and 11 women stepped aboard last year. Most of the visitors have been shuttle crews, delivering and picking up inhabitants. But one who made the trip—a US multimillionaire called Dennis Tito—made history in April as the first paying tourist to go into space.
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4. The objective of the astronauts working in the space station is to
Space hotel welcomes its next shift
'Guests' at the International Space Station will carry out more than 300 hours of research By Tim Radford
Since the first tenants moved in just over a year ago, their home has grown from a bedsit to something like a three-bedroomed house. It has also been around the Earth more than 6,000 times. The view is sensational, but nobody can open the windows. Outside, the temperature varies from 120C to minus 157C every 90 minutes.
The International Space Station, the orbiting 150-tonne "star in the sky", opened its airlock to its fourth set of tenants last week. The Russian commander, Yuri Onufrienko, and United States flight engineers Daniel Bursch and Carl Walz were launched under tight security aboard the space shuttle Endeavour, and checked into humankind's highest unfinished hotel, 320km above the planet.
They are taking their luggage in Rafaello, a kind of space furniture van, designed and built by the Italian space agency, which made its first trip to the International Space Station in April earlier this year. Along with Rafaello there is a new carrier designed by American engineers.
Both are packed with the latest research equipment for studies that could throw new light on bone disorders, petroleum and antibiotic production, cancer cell formation, plant growth, embryo development, biotechnology and the long-term effect of life of humans in space. No matter how pioneering the experiments themselves might be, daily work aboard the station also involves installing all the added equipment that will come on board later and, of course, routine maintenance.
In the first year of settling into and simultaneously building their new home, previous crews devoted 500 hours to setting up experiments. The new team expects to put in about 300 hours in the construction and development of the space station's laboratory complex.
"The laboratory complex is almost complete. We are increasing the scope and the sophistication of the science we are doing," said Commander Onufrienko. "This month marks nine months of research in an extraordinary increase in research capabilities aboard the station."
Apart from the scientific goals, the astronauts are fully aware of the main goals of the International Space Station, which is to become their home for the next five months. According to Daniel Bursch, "one of the main goals of the International Space Station is to put a permanent human presence in space. Another main goal, which is just in the name itself, is to make it 'international'. A lot of work so far has been centred around working with primarily the Russians and also the other international partners. As far as this mission is concerned, our goal is to take over from Expedition Three, hopefully put the station in an even better condition and to complete every experiment that the ground wants us to do.
The incomers are relieving Frank Culbertson, the US commander of the third crew, and his two Russian colleagues, who are due to return to Earth on Endeavour.
However, the new tenants are not likely to be lonely for long. In its first year of occupation the space station has already had a surprising number of visitors. Altogether 68 men and 11 women stepped aboard last year. Most of the visitors have been shuttle crews, delivering and picking up inhabitants. But one who made the trip—a US multimillionaire called Dennis Tito—made history in April as the first paying tourist to go into space.
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5. Astronauts who work in the space station
Space hotel welcomes its next shift
'Guests' at the International Space Station will carry out more than 300 hours of research By Tim Radford
Since the first tenants moved in just over a year ago, their home has grown from a bedsit to something like a three-bedroomed house. It has also been around the Earth more than 6,000 times. The view is sensational, but nobody can open the windows. Outside, the temperature varies from 120C to minus 157C every 90 minutes.
The International Space Station, the orbiting 150-tonne "star in the sky", opened its airlock to its fourth set of tenants last week. The Russian commander, Yuri Onufrienko, and United States flight engineers Daniel Bursch and Carl Walz were launched under tight security aboard the space shuttle Endeavour, and checked into humankind's highest unfinished hotel, 320km above the planet.
They are taking their luggage in Rafaello, a kind of space furniture van, designed and built by the Italian space agency, which made its first trip to the International Space Station in April earlier this year. Along with Rafaello there is a new carrier designed by American engineers.
Both are packed with the latest research equipment for studies that could throw new light on bone disorders, petroleum and antibiotic production, cancer cell formation, plant growth, embryo development, biotechnology and the long-term effect of life of humans in space. No matter how pioneering the experiments themselves might be, daily work aboard the station also involves installing all the added equipment that will come on board later and, of course, routine maintenance.
In the first year of settling into and simultaneously building their new home, previous crews devoted 500 hours to setting up experiments. The new team expects to put in about 300 hours in the construction and development of the space station's laboratory complex.
"The laboratory complex is almost complete. We are increasing the scope and the sophistication of the science we are doing," said Commander Onufrienko. "This month marks nine months of research in an extraordinary increase in research capabilities aboard the station."
Apart from the scientific goals, the astronauts are fully aware of the main goals of the International Space Station, which is to become their home for the next five months. According to Daniel Bursch, "one of the main goals of the International Space Station is to put a permanent human presence in space. Another main goal, which is just in the name itself, is to make it 'international'. A lot of work so far has been centred around working with primarily the Russians and also the other international partners. As far as this mission is concerned, our goal is to take over from Expedition Three, hopefully put the station in an even better condition and to complete every experiment that the ground wants us to do.
The incomers are relieving Frank Culbertson, the US commander of the third crew, and his two Russian colleagues, who are due to return to Earth on Endeavour.
However, the new tenants are not likely to be lonely for long. In its first year of occupation the space station has already had a surprising number of visitors. Altogether 68 men and 11 women stepped aboard last year. Most of the visitors have been shuttle crews, delivering and picking up inhabitants. But one who made the trip—a US multimillionaire called Dennis Tito—made history in April as the first paying tourist to go into space.
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Part 2 (7 points, 1 point per item). You are going to read an article written by a British student about being active in politics. Seven sentences have been removed from the text. For questions 6–12, choose from sentences A–I the one which best fits each gap. There is one sentence that you do not need to use. There is an example (0).
Students should get involved in politics because they can help shape the political landscape
A And who can blame them?
B The decisions of those in power may be in full effect by the time you graduate.
C It only takes minutes to find out what they are about and join them.
D You can resist the title of ‘adult’ for a little bit longer.
E But students can make it a major political achievement of the country.
F During the event, politicians seriously encouraged young people to get involved in politics.
G There are endless opportunities here to get involved in politics.
H If students attended events like this one, they would be able to make a difference.
I This, however, defeats one aim of studying in the first place: to prepare for your future.
We’ve heard it all before: the youth of today are not interested in politics. (0) A The distance between an ordinary student and the people in power can seem gigantic. But you shouldn’t feel put-off by politics, because it will affect you throughout your life. There is the comfort of being at university. (6) _____ Being a student is somewhere between being a teenager at home having to go to school, and living independently and actually (or hopefully) being employed. Sadly, though, all good things must come to an end, and eventually you have to become a responsible member of the society. However, many students at university choose to distance themselves from anything even remotely political. It’s fairly easy to go through university without getting involved with politics. (7) _____ The truth is, whether or not a housing law is passed, or whether the Government is cutting jobs in a certain sector, these decisions will directly affect you when trying to make a living. Therefore, as part of growing up, you should start speaking up for what you believe in and university is a great place to do so. (8) _____ For example, one may start with question-and-answer sessions for the students’ union elections, or public debates on national issues. You don’t need to be a politics student to attend them and you could leave having learnt a lot. Events, such as the iDebate, also bring students closer to leading political figures. The most recent iDebate discussed the claim ‘British politics does nothing for young people’. (9) _____ One of them, 24- year-old Member of Parliament Stuart Donaldson, said: “If you’re good enough, you’re old enough, so get involved.” There’s no denying the current political landscape fails to interest every single young person. But the fact that the young audience voted against the suggested claim at the end of the debate demonstrates how such events can narrow the gap between the ordinary student and the people in power. (10) _____ That’s why all students, at some point in their student life, should go to an event, protest or debate. In terms of protesting, the modern student activist has lots of resources. Social media has enabled students to protest or to organise protests in a much easier way. (11) _____ Online petitions have become the latest way to express agreement, or the opposite, regarding an issue. websites such as Change.org, you can make a petition, and if you gather enough signatures, it gets free publicity. This is yet another opportunity for students to communicate with politicians. (12) _____ It will be too late to complain when you’re facing difficulties, so forming even a basic relationship with politics could be useful for your entire life.
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Part 3 (8 points, 1 point per item). You are going to read a newspaper article about the benefits of living in the city. For questions 13–20, complete the answers by inserting no more than one word from the text.
Inner-city living makes for healthier and happier people
13. The report seems to __________________ the ideas that many people have about life in cities.
14. Politicians need to understand that creating carefully thought-out and friendly neighbourhoods could lead to desirable __________________ in terms of healthcare over a longer time period.
15. For example, the authors of the report suggest that well-planned urban areas could _________________ their residents from unpleasant experiences.
16. Also, many popular recreational __________________ in inner city areas, such as cinemas and sports centres, can be reached by public transport.
17. Using public transport, however, is not the best __________________ if one lives out of town.
18. It turns out that the social and physical well-being of people within individual communities is directly related to the __________________ of residential areas.
19. Bearing in mind the need to develop new residential districts, one of the researchers proposes a different way to deal with the __________________ of places to live.
20. According to the report, life in densely populated areas will __________________ better social relations among the residents.
Contrary to popular belief, busy city centres beat suburban living when it comes to human wellbeing, as socialising and walking make for happier, healthier people. Downtown residents – packed together in tight row houses or apartment blocks – are more active and socially engaged than people who live in the suburbs, according to a report that aims to challenge popular beliefs about city life. Its authors said their findings should make politicians think again about their plans for built-up city living.
“If we can convince policy makers that this is a public health opportunity, we can build well-designed communities, and in the long term you have made a big difference in health outcomes,” its co-author Chinmoy Sarkar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “With evidence, we can plan multi-functional, attractive neighbourhoods that allow for physical activity and social interaction, and shield from pollution and crime.
The study – by Oxford University and the University of Hong Kong (UHK) – showed that in 22 British cities people living in built-up residential areas had lower levels of obesity and exercised more than residents in scattered, suburban homes. “As cities get more and more compact, they become more walkable. In denser residential areas there are better designed and more attractive destinations. We are less dependent on our cars and use public transport more,” he said. Sarkar, assistant professor at UHK, said policies and planning needed to catch up with the data, rather than relying on urban myths about what makes cities work.
The study showed that suburbs with about 18 homes per hectare – such as neighbourhoods near motorways, where driving is the only option – had the greatest rates of obesity and lowest rates of exercise. Suburban areas with few homes – often privileged communities with big gardens – were healthier than this but lagged behind the most densely populated areas in inner cities.
Walking made the biggest difference, and social interaction and physical activity thrived best in compact communities. The study compared more than 400,000 residents of cities – including London, Glasgow and Cardiff – and found the best health came in areas with more than 32 homes per hectare, the average density for new building in Britain.
Sarkar called into question British policies – such as laws to restrict suburban houses from dividing their plots and filling in more homes in gardens – which have sought to preserve suburbia’s open and emptier spaces. In January the government announced it would build 17 new towns and villages across the countryside in a bid to ease a chronic housing shortage. But Sarkar said policy makers should think again before building on green fields.
Despite spiralling house prices and government targets to build a million homes by 2020, Britain’s restrictive planning system has prevented the development of densely populated areas due to fears that it would lead to high-rise, low-quality blocks of flats, according to a government paper released in February. London remains one of Europe’s most sparsely populated major cities compared to Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, and below the level of Milan, Berlin and Rome. The paper urged local authorities to reverse their long-standing opposition to built-up residential areas by highlighting London’s mansion blocks and terraced streets, all of which encourage a strong sense of neighbourhood.
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Contrary to popular belief, busy city centres beat suburban living when it comes to human wellbeing, as socialising and walking make for happier, healthier people. Downtown residents – packed together in tight row houses or apartment blocks – are more active and socially engaged than people who live in the suburbs, according to a report that aims to challenge popular beliefs about city life. Its authors said their findings should make politicians think again about their plans for built-up city living.
“If we can convince policy makers that this is a public health opportunity, we can build well-designed communities, and in the long term you have made a big difference in health outcomes,” its co-author Chinmoy Sarkar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “With evidence, we can plan multi-functional, attractive neighbourhoods that allow for physical activity and social interaction, and shield from pollution and crime.
The study – by Oxford University and the University of Hong Kong (UHK) – showed that in 22 British cities people living in built-up residential areas had lower levels of obesity and exercised more than residents in scattered, suburban homes. “As cities get more and more compact, they become more walkable. In denser residential areas there are better designed and more attractive destinations. We are less dependent on our cars and use public transport more,” he said. Sarkar, assistant professor at UHK, said policies and planning needed to catch up with the data, rather than relying on urban myths about what makes cities work.
The study showed that suburbs with about 18 homes per hectare – such as neighbourhoods near motorways, where driving is the only option – had the greatest rates of obesity and lowest rates of exercise. Suburban areas with few homes – often privileged communities with big gardens – were healthier than this but lagged behind the most densely populated areas in inner cities.
Walking made the biggest difference, and social interaction and physical activity thrived best in compact communities. The study compared more than 400,000 residents of cities – including London, Glasgow and Cardiff – and found the best health came in areas with more than 32 homes per hectare, the average density for new building in Britain.
Sarkar called into question British policies – such as laws to restrict suburban houses from dividing their plots and filling in more homes in gardens – which have sought to preserve suburbia’s open and emptier spaces. In January the government announced it would build 17 new towns and villages across the countryside in a bid to ease a chronic housing shortage. But Sarkar said policy makers should think again before building on green fields.
Despite spiralling house prices and government targets to build a million homes by 2020, Britain’s restrictive planning system has prevented the development of densely populated areas due to fears that it would lead to high-rise, low-quality blocks of flats, according to a government paper released in February. London remains one of Europe’s most sparsely populated major cities compared to Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, and below the level of Milan, Berlin and Rome. The paper urged local authorities to reverse their long-standing opposition to built-up residential areas by highlighting London’s mansion blocks and terraced streets, all of which encourage a strong sense of neighbourhood.
The report seems to __________________ the ideas that many people have about life in cities.
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Contrary to popular belief, busy city centres beat suburban living when it comes to human wellbeing, as socialising and walking make for happier, healthier people. Downtown residents – packed together in tight row houses or apartment blocks – are more active and socially engaged than people who live in the suburbs, according to a report that aims to challenge popular beliefs about city life. Its authors said their findings should make politicians think again about their plans for built-up city living.
“If we can convince policy makers that this is a public health opportunity, we can build well-designed communities, and in the long term you have made a big difference in health outcomes,” its co-author Chinmoy Sarkar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “With evidence, we can plan multi-functional, attractive neighbourhoods that allow for physical activity and social interaction, and shield from pollution and crime.
The study – by Oxford University and the University of Hong Kong (UHK) – showed that in 22 British cities people living in built-up residential areas had lower levels of obesity and exercised more than residents in scattered, suburban homes. “As cities get more and more compact, they become more walkable. In denser residential areas there are better designed and more attractive destinations. We are less dependent on our cars and use public transport more,” he said. Sarkar, assistant professor at UHK, said policies and planning needed to catch up with the data, rather than relying on urban myths about what makes cities work.
The study showed that suburbs with about 18 homes per hectare – such as neighbourhoods near motorways, where driving is the only option – had the greatest rates of obesity and lowest rates of exercise. Suburban areas with few homes – often privileged communities with big gardens – were healthier than this but lagged behind the most densely populated areas in inner cities.
Walking made the biggest difference, and social interaction and physical activity thrived best in compact communities. The study compared more than 400,000 residents of cities – including London, Glasgow and Cardiff – and found the best health came in areas with more than 32 homes per hectare, the average density for new building in Britain.
Sarkar called into question British policies – such as laws to restrict suburban houses from dividing their plots and filling in more homes in gardens – which have sought to preserve suburbia’s open and emptier spaces. In January the government announced it would build 17 new towns and villages across the countryside in a bid to ease a chronic housing shortage. But Sarkar said policy makers should think again before building on green fields.
Despite spiralling house prices and government targets to build a million homes by 2020, Britain’s restrictive planning system has prevented the development of densely populated areas due to fears that it would lead to high-rise, low-quality blocks of flats, according to a government paper released in February. London remains one of Europe’s most sparsely populated major cities compared to Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, and below the level of Milan, Berlin and Rome. The paper urged local authorities to reverse their long-standing opposition to built-up residential areas by highlighting London’s mansion blocks and terraced streets, all of which encourage a strong sense of neighbourhood.
Politicians need to understand that creating carefully thought-out and friendly neighbourhoods could lead to desirable __________________ in terms of healthcare over a longer time period.
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Contrary to popular belief, busy city centres beat suburban living when it comes to human wellbeing, as socialising and walking make for happier, healthier people. Downtown residents – packed together in tight row houses or apartment blocks – are more active and socially engaged than people who live in the suburbs, according to a report that aims to challenge popular beliefs about city life. Its authors said their findings should make politicians think again about their plans for built-up city living.
“If we can convince policy makers that this is a public health opportunity, we can build well-designed communities, and in the long term you have made a big difference in health outcomes,” its co-author Chinmoy Sarkar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “With evidence, we can plan multi-functional, attractive neighbourhoods that allow for physical activity and social interaction, and shield from pollution and crime.
The study – by Oxford University and the University of Hong Kong (UHK) – showed that in 22 British cities people living in built-up residential areas had lower levels of obesity and exercised more than residents in scattered, suburban homes. “As cities get more and more compact, they become more walkable. In denser residential areas there are better designed and more attractive destinations. We are less dependent on our cars and use public transport more,” he said. Sarkar, assistant professor at UHK, said policies and planning needed to catch up with the data, rather than relying on urban myths about what makes cities work.
The study showed that suburbs with about 18 homes per hectare – such as neighbourhoods near motorways, where driving is the only option – had the greatest rates of obesity and lowest rates of exercise. Suburban areas with few homes – often privileged communities with big gardens – were healthier than this but lagged behind the most densely populated areas in inner cities.
Walking made the biggest difference, and social interaction and physical activity thrived best in compact communities. The study compared more than 400,000 residents of cities – including London, Glasgow and Cardiff – and found the best health came in areas with more than 32 homes per hectare, the average density for new building in Britain.
Sarkar called into question British policies – such as laws to restrict suburban houses from dividing their plots and filling in more homes in gardens – which have sought to preserve suburbia’s open and emptier spaces. In January the government announced it would build 17 new towns and villages across the countryside in a bid to ease a chronic housing shortage. But Sarkar said policy makers should think again before building on green fields.
Despite spiralling house prices and government targets to build a million homes by 2020, Britain’s restrictive planning system has prevented the development of densely populated areas due to fears that it would lead to high-rise, low-quality blocks of flats, according to a government paper released in February. London remains one of Europe’s most sparsely populated major cities compared to Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, and below the level of Milan, Berlin and Rome. The paper urged local authorities to reverse their long-standing opposition to built-up residential areas by highlighting London’s mansion blocks and terraced streets, all of which encourage a strong sense of neighbourhood.
For example, the authors of the report suggest that well-planned urban areas could _________________ their residents from unpleasant experiences.
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Contrary to popular belief, busy city centres beat suburban living when it comes to human wellbeing, as socialising and walking make for happier, healthier people. Downtown residents – packed together in tight row houses or apartment blocks – are more active and socially engaged than people who live in the suburbs, according to a report that aims to challenge popular beliefs about city life. Its authors said their findings should make politicians think again about their plans for built-up city living.
“If we can convince policy makers that this is a public health opportunity, we can build well-designed communities, and in the long term you have made a big difference in health outcomes,” its co-author Chinmoy Sarkar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “With evidence, we can plan multi-functional, attractive neighbourhoods that allow for physical activity and social interaction, and shield from pollution and crime.
The study – by Oxford University and the University of Hong Kong (UHK) – showed that in 22 British cities people living in built-up residential areas had lower levels of obesity and exercised more than residents in scattered, suburban homes. “As cities get more and more compact, they become more walkable. In denser residential areas there are better designed and more attractive destinations. We are less dependent on our cars and use public transport more,” he said. Sarkar, assistant professor at UHK, said policies and planning needed to catch up with the data, rather than relying on urban myths about what makes cities work.
The study showed that suburbs with about 18 homes per hectare – such as neighbourhoods near motorways, where driving is the only option – had the greatest rates of obesity and lowest rates of exercise. Suburban areas with few homes – often privileged communities with big gardens – were healthier than this but lagged behind the most densely populated areas in inner cities.
Walking made the biggest difference, and social interaction and physical activity thrived best in compact communities. The study compared more than 400,000 residents of cities – including London, Glasgow and Cardiff – and found the best health came in areas with more than 32 homes per hectare, the average density for new building in Britain.
Sarkar called into question British policies – such as laws to restrict suburban houses from dividing their plots and filling in more homes in gardens – which have sought to preserve suburbia’s open and emptier spaces. In January the government announced it would build 17 new towns and villages across the countryside in a bid to ease a chronic housing shortage. But Sarkar said policy makers should think again before building on green fields.
Despite spiralling house prices and government targets to build a million homes by 2020, Britain’s restrictive planning system has prevented the development of densely populated areas due to fears that it would lead to high-rise, low-quality blocks of flats, according to a government paper released in February. London remains one of Europe’s most sparsely populated major cities compared to Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, and below the level of Milan, Berlin and Rome. The paper urged local authorities to reverse their long-standing opposition to built-up residential areas by highlighting London’s mansion blocks and terraced streets, all of which encourage a strong sense of neighbourhood.
Also, many popular recreational __________________ in inner city areas, such as cinemas and sports centres, can be reached by public transport.
Atsakymų variantai rodomi tik registruotiems sistemos eTest.lt vartotojams. Mokytojo registracija, mokinio registracija
Contrary to popular belief, busy city centres beat suburban living when it comes to human wellbeing, as socialising and walking make for happier, healthier people. Downtown residents – packed together in tight row houses or apartment blocks – are more active and socially engaged than people who live in the suburbs, according to a report that aims to challenge popular beliefs about city life. Its authors said their findings should make politicians think again about their plans for built-up city living.
“If we can convince policy makers that this is a public health opportunity, we can build well-designed communities, and in the long term you have made a big difference in health outcomes,” its co-author Chinmoy Sarkar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “With evidence, we can plan multi-functional, attractive neighbourhoods that allow for physical activity and social interaction, and shield from pollution and crime.
The study – by Oxford University and the University of Hong Kong (UHK) – showed that in 22 British cities people living in built-up residential areas had lower levels of obesity and exercised more than residents in scattered, suburban homes. “As cities get more and more compact, they become more walkable. In denser residential areas there are better designed and more attractive destinations. We are less dependent on our cars and use public transport more,” he said. Sarkar, assistant professor at UHK, said policies and planning needed to catch up with the data, rather than relying on urban myths about what makes cities work.
The study showed that suburbs with about 18 homes per hectare – such as neighbourhoods near motorways, where driving is the only option – had the greatest rates of obesity and lowest rates of exercise. Suburban areas with few homes – often privileged communities with big gardens – were healthier than this but lagged behind the most densely populated areas in inner cities.
Walking made the biggest difference, and social interaction and physical activity thrived best in compact communities. The study compared more than 400,000 residents of cities – including London, Glasgow and Cardiff – and found the best health came in areas with more than 32 homes per hectare, the average density for new building in Britain.
Sarkar called into question British policies – such as laws to restrict suburban houses from dividing their plots and filling in more homes in gardens – which have sought to preserve suburbia’s open and emptier spaces. In January the government announced it would build 17 new towns and villages across the countryside in a bid to ease a chronic housing shortage. But Sarkar said policy makers should think again before building on green fields.
Despite spiralling house prices and government targets to build a million homes by 2020, Britain’s restrictive planning system has prevented the development of densely populated areas due to fears that it would lead to high-rise, low-quality blocks of flats, according to a government paper released in February. London remains one of Europe’s most sparsely populated major cities compared to Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, and below the level of Milan, Berlin and Rome. The paper urged local authorities to reverse their long-standing opposition to built-up residential areas by highlighting London’s mansion blocks and terraced streets, all of which encourage a strong sense of neighbourhood.
Using public transport, however, is not the best __________________ if one lives out of town.
Atsakymų variantai rodomi tik registruotiems sistemos eTest.lt vartotojams. Mokytojo registracija, mokinio registracija
Contrary to popular belief, busy city centres beat suburban living when it comes to human wellbeing, as socialising and walking make for happier, healthier people. Downtown residents – packed together in tight row houses or apartment blocks – are more active and socially engaged than people who live in the suburbs, according to a report that aims to challenge popular beliefs about city life. Its authors said their findings should make politicians think again about their plans for built-up city living.
“If we can convince policy makers that this is a public health opportunity, we can build well-designed communities, and in the long term you have made a big difference in health outcomes,” its co-author Chinmoy Sarkar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “With evidence, we can plan multi-functional, attractive neighbourhoods that allow for physical activity and social interaction, and shield from pollution and crime.
The study – by Oxford University and the University of Hong Kong (UHK) – showed that in 22 British cities people living in built-up residential areas had lower levels of obesity and exercised more than residents in scattered, suburban homes. “As cities get more and more compact, they become more walkable. In denser residential areas there are better designed and more attractive destinations. We are less dependent on our cars and use public transport more,” he said. Sarkar, assistant professor at UHK, said policies and planning needed to catch up with the data, rather than relying on urban myths about what makes cities work.
The study showed that suburbs with about 18 homes per hectare – such as neighbourhoods near motorways, where driving is the only option – had the greatest rates of obesity and lowest rates of exercise. Suburban areas with few homes – often privileged communities with big gardens – were healthier than this but lagged behind the most densely populated areas in inner cities.
Walking made the biggest difference, and social interaction and physical activity thrived best in compact communities. The study compared more than 400,000 residents of cities – including London, Glasgow and Cardiff – and found the best health came in areas with more than 32 homes per hectare, the average density for new building in Britain.
Sarkar called into question British policies – such as laws to restrict suburban houses from dividing their plots and filling in more homes in gardens – which have sought to preserve suburbia’s open and emptier spaces. In January the government announced it would build 17 new towns and villages across the countryside in a bid to ease a chronic housing shortage. But Sarkar said policy makers should think again before building on green fields.
Despite spiralling house prices and government targets to build a million homes by 2020, Britain’s restrictive planning system has prevented the development of densely populated areas due to fears that it would lead to high-rise, low-quality blocks of flats, according to a government paper released in February. London remains one of Europe’s most sparsely populated major cities compared to Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, and below the level of Milan, Berlin and Rome. The paper urged local authorities to reverse their long-standing opposition to built-up residential areas by highlighting London’s mansion blocks and terraced streets, all of which encourage a strong sense of neighbourhood.
It turns out that the social and physical well-being of people within individual communities is directly related to the __________________ of residential areas.
Atsakymų variantai rodomi tik registruotiems sistemos eTest.lt vartotojams. Mokytojo registracija, mokinio registracija
Contrary to popular belief, busy city centres beat suburban living when it comes to human wellbeing, as socialising and walking make for happier, healthier people. Downtown residents – packed together in tight row houses or apartment blocks – are more active and socially engaged than people who live in the suburbs, according to a report that aims to challenge popular beliefs about city life. Its authors said their findings should make politicians think again about their plans for built-up city living.
“If we can convince policy makers that this is a public health opportunity, we can build well-designed communities, and in the long term you have made a big difference in health outcomes,” its co-author Chinmoy Sarkar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “With evidence, we can plan multi-functional, attractive neighbourhoods that allow for physical activity and social interaction, and shield from pollution and crime.
The study – by Oxford University and the University of Hong Kong (UHK) – showed that in 22 British cities people living in built-up residential areas had lower levels of obesity and exercised more than residents in scattered, suburban homes. “As cities get more and more compact, they become more walkable. In denser residential areas there are better designed and more attractive destinations. We are less dependent on our cars and use public transport more,” he said. Sarkar, assistant professor at UHK, said policies and planning needed to catch up with the data, rather than relying on urban myths about what makes cities work.
The study showed that suburbs with about 18 homes per hectare – such as neighbourhoods near motorways, where driving is the only option – had the greatest rates of obesity and lowest rates of exercise. Suburban areas with few homes – often privileged communities with big gardens – were healthier than this but lagged behind the most densely populated areas in inner cities.
Walking made the biggest difference, and social interaction and physical activity thrived best in compact communities. The study compared more than 400,000 residents of cities – including London, Glasgow and Cardiff – and found the best health came in areas with more than 32 homes per hectare, the average density for new building in Britain.
Sarkar called into question British policies – such as laws to restrict suburban houses from dividing their plots and filling in more homes in gardens – which have sought to preserve suburbia’s open and emptier spaces. In January the government announced it would build 17 new towns and villages across the countryside in a bid to ease a chronic housing shortage. But Sarkar said policy makers should think again before building on green fields.
Despite spiralling house prices and government targets to build a million homes by 2020, Britain’s restrictive planning system has prevented the development of densely populated areas due to fears that it would lead to high-rise, low-quality blocks of flats, according to a government paper released in February. London remains one of Europe’s most sparsely populated major cities compared to Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, and below the level of Milan, Berlin and Rome. The paper urged local authorities to reverse their long-standing opposition to built-up residential areas by highlighting London’s mansion blocks and terraced streets, all of which encourage a strong sense of neighbourhood.
Bearing in mind the need to develop new residential districts, one of the researchers proposes a different way to deal with the __________________ of places to live.
Atsakymų variantai rodomi tik registruotiems sistemos eTest.lt vartotojams. Mokytojo registracija, mokinio registracija
Contrary to popular belief, busy city centres beat suburban living when it comes to human wellbeing, as socialising and walking make for happier, healthier people. Downtown residents – packed together in tight row houses or apartment blocks – are more active and socially engaged than people who live in the suburbs, according to a report that aims to challenge popular beliefs about city life. Its authors said their findings should make politicians think again about their plans for built-up city living.
“If we can convince policy makers that this is a public health opportunity, we can build well-designed communities, and in the long term you have made a big difference in health outcomes,” its co-author Chinmoy Sarkar told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. “With evidence, we can plan multi-functional, attractive neighbourhoods that allow for physical activity and social interaction, and shield from pollution and crime.
The study – by Oxford University and the University of Hong Kong (UHK) – showed that in 22 British cities people living in built-up residential areas had lower levels of obesity and exercised more than residents in scattered, suburban homes. “As cities get more and more compact, they become more walkable. In denser residential areas there are better designed and more attractive destinations. We are less dependent on our cars and use public transport more,” he said. Sarkar, assistant professor at UHK, said policies and planning needed to catch up with the data, rather than relying on urban myths about what makes cities work.
The study showed that suburbs with about 18 homes per hectare – such as neighbourhoods near motorways, where driving is the only option – had the greatest rates of obesity and lowest rates of exercise. Suburban areas with few homes – often privileged communities with big gardens – were healthier than this but lagged behind the most densely populated areas in inner cities.
Walking made the biggest difference, and social interaction and physical activity thrived best in compact communities. The study compared more than 400,000 residents of cities – including London, Glasgow and Cardiff – and found the best health came in areas with more than 32 homes per hectare, the average density for new building in Britain.
Sarkar called into question British policies – such as laws to restrict suburban houses from dividing their plots and filling in more homes in gardens – which have sought to preserve suburbia’s open and emptier spaces. In January the government announced it would build 17 new towns and villages across the countryside in a bid to ease a chronic housing shortage. But Sarkar said policy makers should think again before building on green fields.
Despite spiralling house prices and government targets to build a million homes by 2020, Britain’s restrictive planning system has prevented the development of densely populated areas due to fears that it would lead to high-rise, low-quality blocks of flats, according to a government paper released in February. London remains one of Europe’s most sparsely populated major cities compared to Madrid, Barcelona and Paris, and below the level of Milan, Berlin and Rome. The paper urged local authorities to reverse their long-standing opposition to built-up residential areas by highlighting London’s mansion blocks and terraced streets, all of which encourage a strong sense of neighbourhood.
According to the report, life in densely populated areas will __________________ better social relations among the residents.
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